VA-WV Tax Reciprocity 2026

VA-WV reciprocity covers a long shared border: the twin cities of Bluefield VA/WV, the I-77 corridor, and the I-81 Winchester VA - Martinsburg WV stretch.

Quick answer: Yes - VA and WV have a reciprocal tax agreement. VA residents working in WV file form WV/IT-104R and pay only VA tax. WV residents working in VA file form VA-4 and pay only WV tax.

How It Works Both Directions

ScenarioForm To FileResult
Live VA, work WVWV/IT-104R (to skip WV)No WV withholding. Pay VA tax only.
Live WV, work VAVA-4 (to skip VA)No VA withholding. Pay WV tax only.

Worked Example

Gary lives in Bluefield WV, works across the state line in Bluefield VA, earns $58,000. With reciprocity: he files VA-4 with his VA employer. VA withholds $0. WV withholds ~$2,550. He files only a WV IT-140. Without the form: VA would withhold ~$3,080 (5.75% top) - more than his entire WV liability - and he would wait months for the VA nonresident refund.

Step-by-Step: Claim the Exemption

  1. Download the work-state exemption form (WV form WV/IT-104R for VA-residents-working-in-WV; VA form VA-4 for WV-residents-working-in-VA).
  2. Fill in name, SSN, home address (must be in the reciprocity state), and current date.
  3. Submit to HR/payroll at your employer.
  4. Verify on your next paystub that work-state tax withholding is $0.
  5. Update your home-state W-4 to make sure you withhold enough for full income tax.
  6. File only a resident return in your home state next April (unless you have non-wage work-state income).

OBBBA 2026 Note

OBBBA 2026 (One Big Beautiful Bill Act) raised the federal SALT cap to $40,000. This matters for reciprocity commuters who itemize: your full home-state income tax is now more likely to be fully deductible on federal Schedule A, making the state-level tax difference between your home and work state a real after-tax driver of commute value. Check each state rate: VA top rate 5.75% (over $17K), WV top rate 4.82% top (2025).

FAQ

Which form does a Virginia resident working in West Virginia file?

File WV form WV/IT-104R (Certificate of Nonresidence) with your West Virginia employer. WV withholding stops; you withhold Virginia tax instead. Submit it annually.

Which form does a West Virginia resident working in Virginia file?

File VA form VA-4 with your Virginia employer, certifying exemption as a resident of a reciprocity state. Virginia requires annual re-certification of the exemption.

Are there local income taxes on either side?

Virginia has no local income taxes. West Virginia has no local income taxes either, though a few WV cities (Charleston, Huntington, Weirton) charge a flat city service fee of a few dollars per week worked in the city - that fee is not income-based and not covered by reciprocity.

Whose rates are lower - VA or WV?

WV currently: its top rate is 4.82% (2025, phasing down under WV’s trigger cuts) vs Virginia’s 5.75% top that kicks in at just $17,000. A WV resident working in VA who files VA-4 avoids lending Virginia the difference all year.

What about remote workers between VA and WV?

Covered. If your employer is in one state and you live in the other, file the work state’s exemption form (VA-4 or WV/IT-104R) so withholding routes to your home state. Reciprocity is residency-based, not commute-based, for this pair.

Model Your Take-Home

See exact post-reciprocity paycheck with VA or WV withholding.

Paycheck Calculator →

Run the numbers for each state: Virginia Income Tax Calculator · West Virginia Income Tax Calculator

Other reciprocity pairs:
IL-WI · IL-IA · IL-KY · IL-MI · IN-MI · IN-WI · Full matrix

Tax calculations are estimates for educational and informational purposes only. This site does not provide tax, legal, or financial advice. Tax laws change frequently. Always consult a qualified tax professional for advice specific to your situation. Data sourced from IRS publications and official state tax authority websites.

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